Project Management Templates: General Principles of Project Management
Template Category: Leadership/ Communication
Download: Checklist "Leadership Techniques in a Project" (.pdf)
Project Management Checklist: Leadership/ Communication - Leadership Techniques in a Project -
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Policy
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Details
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Management by Objectives
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- Features and Objective
- Management by Objectives (goal-oriented management)
- Definition of operational objectives on each project level (total and partial project)
- Commitments, budgeting and financial controlling shall guarantee goal accomplishment by the project managers and the project teams
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- Advantages
- Responsibility for results
- Personal work goals
- Relatively high degree of freedom in action planning
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- Disadvantages
- Planning stress
- Intensive verification of results
- Focus on tangible performance
- Administrative effort
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Management by Delegation
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- Features and Objective
- Grant of authority and responsibility to the subsequent level (from the line to the project or from the project manager to the team)
- Ensures independent work within the sphere of competence delegated
- Prerequisite: Clear job descriptions covering the tasks, competencies and responsibilities assigned
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- Advantages
- Acceptance of project goals by the staff
- Transparency of project processes
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- Disadvantages
- Risk of pseudo or one-sided delegation
- Risk that only routine tasks or only the responsibility without the necessary authority are delegated
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Management by Exception
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- Features and Objective
- Management by control
- Management intervenes only when deviations from the agreed objectives occur.
- Basis: Deviation analysis as an integral part of the controlling system
- In case of divergences, the process is adjusted/improved accordingly and the objectives or the planned values are modified as appropriate
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- Advantages
- Considerably less controlling activity required from the project manager
- Extensive self-direction of the project team within the existing tolerance range
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- Disadvantages
- Risk of pseudo or one-sided delegation
- Risk that only routine tasks or only the responsibility without the necessary authority are delegated
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Management by Motivation
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- Features and Objective
- Maximum staff motivation and commitment through an elaborate system of incentives
- The incentives reflect staff motivation
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- Advantages
- Behavioral control of staff
- Individual reasons and ambitions are taken into account
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- Disadvantages
- Overemphasis of material aspects
- One-sided incentives
- Disregard of human working conditions
- Personal shortcomings for low-achieving staff
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By: Andrea Kempter , IT Process Maps.